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Robert Jaulin
Robert Jaulin (1928, Le Cannet, Alpes-Maritimes - 1996, Grosrouvre) was a French ethnologist. After several journeys to Chad, between 1954 and 1959, among the Sara people, he published in 1967 ''La Mort Sara'' (The Sara Death) in which he exposed the various initiation rites through which he had passed himself, and closely analyzed Sara geomancy.〔(Entry ''Robert Jaulin'' ) in the ''Encyclopædia Universalis'' 〕 In ''La Paix blanche'' (The White peace, 1970), he redefined the notion of ethnocide in relation to the extermination by the Western world of the Bari culture, located between Venezuela and Colombia. If a genocide designs the physical extermination of a people, an ethnocide refers to the extermination of a culture.
== Life ==
Jaulin has given particular attention to phenomenons of acculturation and highlight the importance of cultural relativism in order to respect other cultures. Although he was part of the humanist tradition of universalism seen through a multiculturalist viewpoint, he opposed a universalist method of ethnology which would try to abstract general laws from the study of particular societies — targeting in particular structuralism,〔 preferring, on Malinowski's steps, to immerge himself in one specific culture and closely describe it. In this aim, he theorized a specific approach to ethnology, dubbed in 1985 ''ethnologie pariseptiste'' by Yves Lecerf in an attempt to describe Jaulin's teachings at the University of Paris-VII since May '68.〔Hubert de Luze, (L'ethnologie pariseptiste et Robert Jaulin ), extract of ''La Science de l'homme : d'Hécatée de Milet à Harold Garfinkel : esquisse panoramique d'une grande aventure intellectuelle à l'usage de ceux qui n'en ont qu'une idée vague.'' Paris. Loris Talmart. 1997 〕
Jaulin signed the ''Manifeste des 121'' opposed to the use of torture during the Algerian War (1954–62). After a journey among the Bari in South America, he called for a convention on ethnocide in the Americas at the Congress of Americanists, and in February, 1970, the French Society of Americanists convened for that purpose.〔(Yale-Edinburgh Group on the History of the Missionary Movement and Non-Western Christianity ) 〕 Jaulin criticized in particular the role of Christian missionaries towards non-Western cultures.
In 1970, he created at the University of Paris-VII the first department dedicated to ethnology, anthropology and science of religions, to which participated scholars such as the philosopher Jean-Toussaint Desanti, Pierre Bernard, Bernard Delfendahl, Serge Moscovici, Jean Rouch, Michel de Certeau, etc.〔
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